• SCHOLARSHIP

    he Norwegian government provides scholarships for students from developing countries in the South and countries of Central- and East-Europe and Central-Asia under the Quota Scheme. The goal of the Quota Scheme is to promote the internationalization of higher education and give developing country students relevant education that would also benefit their home countries when they return after graduation..

  • Education

    It´s time for another post with inspirational quotes. This time I´d like to focus on something I find very useful: education. School may have been – or still be – boring, a killer of creativity or downright awful for you. But education is still important because it opens the mind and expands it. And if your years in school were bad or boring you can still educate yourself now. Anyways, here’s some wisdom and inspiration from the people who have walked before us. It is impossible for a man to learn what he thinks he already knows ...

  • Exam.

    Exam Quotes On Taking The Initiative “Recipe for success: Study while others are sleeping; work while others are loafing; prepare while others are playing; and dream while others are wishing.” ~ William A. Ward.

Friday, May 11, 2012

XML Interview Questions and Answers


XML Interview Questions and Answers

What is XML?
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose specification for creating custom markup languages.[1] It is classified as an extensible language, because it allows the user to define the mark-up elements. XML’s purpose is to aid information systems in sharing structured data.
What is the version information in XML?
The root element can be preceded by an optional XML declaration element stating what XML version is in use (normally 1.0); it might also contain character encoding and external dependencies information.
What is ROOT element in XML?
XML documents must contain one element that is the parent of all other elements. This element is called the root element.
If XML does not have closing tag will it work?
All XML Elements Must Have a Closing Tag otherwise it will produce error while accessing or parsing.
Is XML case sensitive?
yes it is. XML tags are case sensitive. With XML, the tag is different from the tag .
Opening and closing tags must be written with the same case.
What’s the difference between XML and HTML?
On the surface, XML and HTML look similar. Both use tags (such as or ) and attributes (such as align=”left” or type=”personal”) to add information to the content. In fact, a carefully prepared HTML document can double as an XML document. The difference is that HTML is a well-defined set of elements and attributes. For example, the following is a well-formed XML document, but because it only uses tags that are defined in HTML, it’s also an HTML document:
Message of the Day
There is no message of the day.
Try back tomorrow.
On the other hand, HTML has somewhat looser rules than XML, so some HTML documents are not well-formed XML documents.
Is XML meant to replace HTML?
xml is a portable document structure, which is not really for presentation. XSL or CSS may replace html, but really xml is meant to be a storage medium. It is like asking if databases will replace html.
The one aspect that makes this whole thing blurry is that html and now Xhtml is a subset of xml. It is just used to make documents render in browsers.
Can you explain why your project needed XML?
1. If we having huge datas to be transferred instead of sending all those datas as dataset you can opt xml.
2. XML is easy to parse and it enables a faster accessing of datas.
3. Case sensitiveness is an additional advantage in validating the authentication for the user.
4. XML can be passed irrespective of OS, port and protocol.
What is DTD (Document Type definition)?
A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes.
A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference
Although XML allows you to invent as many different elements and attributes as you need, these elements and attributes, as well as their contents and the documents that contain them, must all follow certain rules in order to be well-formed. If a document is not well-formed, any attempts to read it or render it will fail.
What is a valid XML?
XML that meets the constraints defined by its Document Type Declaration.
What is CDATA section in XML?
CDATA Sections are used to escape blocks of text containing characters which would otherwise be recognized as markup. All tags and entity references are ignored by an XML processor that treats them just like any character data. CDATA blocks have been provided as a convenience measure when you want to include large blocks of special characters as character data, but you do not want to have to use entity references all the time
What is XSL?
Extensible Style Language is a style sheet language aimed at activities such as rearranging the document that are not supported by CSS, though XSL and CSS share the same underlying concepts. XSL can be used to style XML documents u sing sets of rules and definitions of actions to be applied. XSL is a specification from the W3C.
What is Element and attributes in XML?
The basic building blocks of XML Schemas are elements and attributes. Data types define the valid content that elements and attributes contain. When you create XML Schemas, you define the individual elements and attributes and assign valid types to them. Elements describe data, whereas attributes are like properties of an element, in that they provide further definition about the element the way that properties describe characteristics of objects and classes.
An element describes the data that it contains. Elements can also contain other elements and attributes.
An attribute is a named simple-type definition that cannot contain other elements. Attributes can also be assigned an optional default value and they must appear at the bottom of complex-type definitions. Additionally, if multiple attributes are declared, they may occur in any order.
What are the standard ways of parsing XML document?
DOM and SAX parsers are the standard ways for parsing XML document.
In What scenarios will you use a DOM parser and SAX parser?
In some scenarios, SAX is easily the better choice for quick, less-intensive parsing and processing. In others, the DOM provides an easy-to-use, clean interface to data in a desirable format. You, the developer, must always analyze your application and its purpose to make the correct decision as to which method to use, or how to use both in concert.
What is XSLT?
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations. A programming language specialized for the transformation of XML documents.
Define XPATH?
A query language used to identify a set of nodes within a XML document. Originally defined to be used with XSLT, it is also used by XPointer and a simple subset is used in the xs:key, xs:keyref, and xs:unique W3C XML Schema elements. The XQuery specification will be a superset of the second version of XPath. This version will use type information provided by W3C XML Schema
What is an XMLReader Class?
Represents a reader that provides fast, non-cached, forward-only access to XML data.
XmlReader provides forward-only, read-only access to a stream of XML data. The XmlReader class conforms to the W3C Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 and the Namespaces in XML recommendations.
What is XMLTextReader?
The XmlTextReader class requires fast access to XML data. It does not require reading the entire document into memory via the Document Object Model (DOM). The class is derived from the XmlReader class and implements all the methods defined in the XmlReader class. The following are the functions of the XmlTextReader class:
* It enforces rules of a well-formed XML document.
* It does not provide any data validation in a document.
* It checks the Document Type Definition (DTD) and DocumentType nodes for their well-formed structure, but does not validate these nodes by using the DTD.
How do we access attributes using “XmlReader”?
The XmlReader class provides various methods and properties for reading attributes. Attributes are most commonly found on elements. However, they are also allowed on XML declaration and document type nodes.
When positioned on an element node, the MoveToAttribute methods enable you to go through the attribute list of the element. After MoveToAttribute has been called, the node properties—such as Name, NamespaceURI, Prefix, and so on—reflect the properties of that attribute, and not the containing element it belongs to.
What does XmlValidatingReader class do?
Represents a reader that provides document type definition (DTD), XML-Data Reduced (XDR) schema, and XML Schema definition language (XSD) validation.
XmlValidatingReader implements the XmlReader class and provides support for data validation. Use the Schemas property to have the reader validate by using schema files that are cached in an XmlSchemaCollection. The ValidationType property specifies what type of validation the reader should perform. Setting the property to ValidationType.None creates a non-validating reader.
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ALL CSS Interview 20 question and answer


ALL CSS Interview question and answer

1. What is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every occurance of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size.
2. What are Cascading Style Sheets?
A Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a list of statements (also known as rules) that can assign various rendering properties to HTML elements. Style rules can be specified for a single element occurrence, multiple elements, an entire document, or even multiple documents at once. It is possible to specify many different rules for an element in different locations using different methods. All these rules are collected and merged (known as a “cascading” of styles) when the document is rendered to form a single style rule for each element.
3. How do I center block-elements with CSS1?
There are ways of centering block level elements:
By setting the properties margin-left and margin-right to auto and width to some explicit value:
BODY {width: 30em; background: cyan;}
P {width: 22em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto}
In this case, the left and right margins will each be four ems wide, since they equally split up the eight ems left over from (30em – 22em). Note that it was not necessary to set an explicit width for the BODY element; it was done here to keep the math clean.
4.If background and color should always be set together, why do they exist as separate properties?
There are serveral reasons for this. First, style sheets become more legible — both for humans and machines. The background property is already the most complex property in CSS1 and combining it with color would make it even more complex. Second, color inherits, but background doesn’t and this would be a source of confusion.
5. What is class?
Class is a group of 1) instances of the same element to which an unique style can be attached or 2) instances of different elements to which the same style can be attached.
6. What is grouping?
Grouping is gathering into a comma separated list two or more selectors that share the same style or into a semicolon separated list two or more declarations that are attached to the same selector .
1. The selectors LI, P with class name .first and class .footnote share the same style, e.g.:
LI {font-style: italic}
P.first {font-style: italic}
.footnote {font-style: italic}
To reduce the size of style sheets and also save some typing time they can all be grouped in one list.
LI, P.first, .footnote {font-style: italic}
7. What is external Style Sheet? How to link?
External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file. The file is linked with HTML documents via the LINK element inside the HEAD element. Files containing style information must have extension .css, e.g. style.css.
8. Is CSS case sensitive?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitve. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be.
9. What is CSS rule ‘ruleset’?
There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. Ruleset identifies selector or selectors and declares style which is to be attached to that selector or selectors. For example P {text-indent: 10pt} is a CSS rule. CSS rulesets consist of two parts: selector, e.g. P and declaration, e.g. {text-indent: 10pt}.
P {text-indent: 10pt} – CSS rule (ruleset)
{text-indent: 10pt} – CSS declaration
text-indent – CSS property
10pt – CSS value
10. ‘Fixed’ Background?
There is the possibility to use the HTML tag bgproperties=”fixed”, but that is IE proprietary, and dependent upon the ‘background’ attribute (deprecated in HTML4).
With CSS, you can declare the background like:
BODY {
font-family : “Trebuchet MS”, Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
background-image: url(images/yourimage.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat; /*no-tiling background*/
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-color: #hexcolor;
color : #hexcolor;
margin: 10px;
}
that shows a background-image in the center of the element, non-scrolling and non-repeating – in IE or NN6. NN 4.xx gets the non-repeat-part right, but stuffs the picture in the upper left corner and scrolls ..
11. What is embedded style? How to link?
Embedded style is the style attached to one specific document. The style information is specified as a content of the STYLE element inside the HEAD element and will apply to the entire document.
Note: The styling rules are written as a HTML comment, that is, between to hide the content in browsers without CSS support which would otherwise be displayed.
12. What is ID selector?
ID selector is an individually identified (named) selector to which a specific style is declared. Using the ID attribute the declared style can then be associated with one and only one HTML element per document as to differentiate it from all other elements. ID selectors are created by a character # followed by the selector’s name. The name can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code, however, they cannot start with a dash or a digit.
#abc123 {color: red; background: black}
This and only this element can be identified as abc123
13. What is contextual selector?
Contextual selector is a selector that addresses specific occurrence of an element. It is a string of individual selectors separated by white space, a search pattern, where only the last element in the pattern is addressed providing it matches the specified context.
TD P CODE {color: red}
The element CODE will be displayed in red but only if it occurs in the context of the element P which must occur in the context of the element TD.
14. How do I have a background image that isn’t tiled?
Specify the background-repeat property as no-repeat. You can also use the background property as a shortcut for specifying multiple background-* properties at once. Here’s an example:
BODY {background: #fff url(watermark.jpg) no-repeat;}
15. What does \ABCD (and \ABCDE) mean?
CSS allows Unicode characters to be entered by number. For example, if a CLASS value in some Russian document contains Cyrillic letters EL PE (Unicode numbers 041B and 041F) and you want to write a style rule for that class, you can put that letter into the style sheet by writing:
.41B41F {font-style: italic;}
This works on all keyboards, so you don’t need a Cyrillic keyboard to write CLASS names in Russian or another language that uses that script.
The digits and letters after the backslash (\) are a hexadecimal number. Hexadecimal numbers are made from ordinary digits and the letters A to F (or a to f). Unicode numbers consist of four such digits.
If the number starts with a 0, you may omit it. The above could also be written as:
.\41B\41F {font-style: italic;}
But be careful if the next letter after the three digits is also a digit or a letter a to f! This is OK: .\41B-\41F, since the dash (-) cannot be mistaken for a hexadecimal digit, but .\41B9\41F is only two letters, not three.
Four digits is the maximum, however, so if you write:
.41B941F {font-style: italic;}
16. What are the advantages/disadvantages of the various style methods?
External Style Sheets
Advantages
* Can control styles for multiple documents at once
* Classes can be created for use on multiple HTML element types in many documents
* Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contexts
Disadvantages
* An extra download is required to import style information for each document
* The rendering of the document may be delayed until the external style sheet is loaded
* Becomes slightly unwieldy for small quantities of style definitions
Embedded Style Sheets
Advantages
* Classes can be created for use on multiple tag types in the document
* Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contexts
* No additional downloads necessary to receive style information
Disadvantages
* This method can not control styles for multiple documents at once
Inline Styles
Advantages
* Useful for small quantities of style definitions
* Can override other style specification methods at the local level so only exceptions need to be listed in conjunction with other style methods
Disadvantages
* Does not distance style information from content (a main goal of SGML/HTML)
* Can not control styles for multiple documents at once
* Author can not create or control classes of elements to control multiple element types within the document
* Selector grouping methods can not be used to create complex element addressing scenarios
17. What is inline style? How to link?
Inline style is the style attached to one specific element. The style is specified directly in the start tag as a value of the STYLE attribute and will apply exclusively to this specific element occurance.
Indented paragraph
18. What is imported Style Sheet? How to link?
Imported Style Sheet is a sheet that can be imported to (combined with) another sheet. This allows creating one main sheet containing declarations that apply to the whole site and partial sheets containing declarations that apply to specific elements (or documents) that may require additional styling. By importing partial sheets to the main sheet a number of sources can be combined into one.
To import a style sheet or style sheets include the @import notation or notations in the STYLE element. The @import notations must come before any other declaration. If more than one sheet is imported they will cascade in order they are imported – the last imported sheet will override the next last; the next last will override the second last, and so on. If the imported style is in conflict with the rules declared in the main sheet then it will be overridden.
.
19. What is alternate Style Sheet? How to link?
Alternate Style Sheet is a sheet defining an alternate style to be used in place of style(s) declared as persistent and/or preferred .
Persistent style is a default style that applies when style sheets are enabled but can disabled in favor of an alternate style, e.g.:
Preferred style is a default style that applies automatically and is declared by setting the TITLE attribute to the LINK element. There can only be one preferred style, e.g.:
Alternate style gives an user the choice of selecting an alternative style – a very convenient way of specifying a media dependent style. Note: Each group of alternate styles must have unique TITLE, e.g.:
20. How can you set a minimum width for IE?
To set a minimum width, the CSS property is ‘min-width’. This can be very useful and works well in good browsers. IE doesn’t understand ‘min-width’. However, it has a proprietary property called ‘expression’ which allows us to feed it javascript via a stylesheet. Below is how to set a (780px) minimum width for IE…
ALL CSS Interview question and answer

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Web Design HTML Interview Questions & Answers

Web Design HTML Interview Questions & Answers
June 28, 2008 — sharag
Web Design HTML Interview Questions & Answers
1) Intrepret this statement: <strong>Michelle</strong>
a) It makes Michelle strong
b) It highlights Michelle as being strong
c) It will print out Michelle in bold font - correct answer
2) Tables can be nested (table inside of another table).
a) True - correct answer
b) False
3) Which is correct?
a) <b>Click Here<b>
b) <strong>Click Here<strong>
c) <b>Click Here</b> - correct answer
d) </strong>Click Here</strong>
4) Which of the following is a two sided tag?
a) DT
b) LI
c) DD
d) DL - correct answer
5) The Browser applies the feature of a tag until it encounters_____tag.
a) Quit
b) Closing - correct answer
c) Exit
d) Anti
e) Deactivate
6) _______are the HTML codes that control the apearance of the document contents
a) Tags - correct answer
b) Codas
c) Slashes
d) Properties
e) Code
7) What are the genral syntax for inline image?
a) src=img
b) src=image
c) img=file
d) img src=file - correct answer
e) image src=file
8) An HTML_____takes text in one format and changes it to HTML code.
a) Browser
b) Editor
c) Converter – correct answer
d) Processor
e) Parser
9) To create a link to an anchor, you use the______property in A tag.
a) Name
b) Tag
c) Link
d) Href - correct answer
10) HTML Tags are case sensitive.
a) True
b) False – correct answer
11) Relative path make your hypertext links______.
a) Portable - correct answer
b) Discrete
c) Uniform
12) A_____structure starts with a general topic that includes link to more specific topics.
a) Hierarchical - correct answer
b) Linear
c) Mixed
13) Which of the following path is supported by HTML?
a) Ralative
b) Defererenced
c) Absolute and Relative - correct answer
14) You cannot designate an inline image as a hypertext link.
a) True
b) False - correct answer
15) Because each computer differs in terms of what fonts it can display, each individual browser determines how text is to be displayed.
a) True - correct answer
b) False
16) You do not have to connect to the internet to verify changes to a Web page on your computer.
a) True - correct answer
b) False
17) You can combine structures e.g, linear and hierarchical.
a) True - correct answer
b) False
18) What is HTML stands for?
a) Hypertext Mailing List
b) Hypertext Mark Language
c) Hypertext Markup Language - correct answer
19) What is the tag for an inline frmae?
a) Iframe – correct answer
b) Inframe
c) frame
d) inlineframe
20) Within the MAP tag, you use the AREA tag to specify the areas of the image that will act as a hotspot.
a) True - correct answer
b) False
21) Can you create an e-mail form with auto responder using form action method=mailto:youdomainname.com?
a) Yes
b) No - correct answer
22) What is the most widely use e-mail form script?
a) ASP
b) PHP – correct answer
c) Perl CGI
d) JSP
23) There are_____color names recognized by all version of HTML.
a) 6
b) 8
c) 256
d) 16 - correct answer
24) Software programs, like your Web browser, use a mathemathical approach to define color.
a) True - correct answer
b) False
25) If you want to increase the font size by 2 relative to the sorounding text, you enter +2 in the tag.
a) True - correct answer
b) False
26) What operator makes converts 00110011 into 11001100?
a) ~ - correct answer
b) !
c) &
d) |
27) The default statement of a switch is always executed.
a) True
b) False - correct answer
28) H1 is the smallest header tag.
a) True
b) False - correct answer
29) The page title is inside the____tag.
a) Body
b) Head – correct answer
c) Division
d) Table
30) _____refers to the way the GIF file is saved by the graphics software.
a) Dithering
b) Interlacing - correct answer
c) Balancing
ALL CSS Interview question and answer
February 11, 2009 — sharag



Web Design HTML Interview Questions & Answers
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Thursday, May 10, 2012

model questions IBPS CLERKS MODEL QUESTION PAPER exam 2011.

model questions IBPS CLERKS MODEL QUESTION PAPER exam 2011, Question Paper, Bank Paper, Bank Exam, May 2012, Model Paper,
IBPS CLERKS MODEL QUESTION PAPER

IBPS CLERK Model question paper,very useful for main exam,here we are providing you sample question paper for clerk exam 2011,in every section you need to get qualify in order to get the job,so prepare well and practice,basically clerical exam question paper will be easy,but all the questions are based on simplification,so need to work out fast,so basic calculations are very important,if you practice it,you can do quick maths in exam easily.Lets have the some model questions for ibps clerical exam 2011.


1) At present number of public sector banks in India:

a) 26      b) 27     c) 28     d) 29       e) None of these

2) At present number of private sector banks in India:

a) 21       b) 22    c) 23    d) 24         e) None of these

3) Nationalisation of 14 major banks in…………………..

a) 1949              b) 1955              c) 1959               d) 1969                   e) None of these

4) Nationalisation of six banks in…………………………..

a) ) 1949              b) 1955              c) 1959               d) 1969                e) 1980

5)The largest commercial bank in India:

a) SBI        b) ICICI Bank      c) PNB      d) HDFC Bank      e) None of these

6) The Second largest public sector commercial bank in India:

a) Punjab National Bank     b) Bank of Baroda     c) Bank of India     d) IDBI Bank     e) Corporation Bank

7) The Largest private sector commercial bank in India:

a) AXIS Bank     b) HDFC Bank       c) ICICI Bank      d) Federal Bank       e) None of these

8) The second largest private sector commercial bank in India:

a) IDBI Bank       b) AXIS Bank      c) HDFC Bank       d) ICICI Bank     e) None of these

9) The first Indian bank to open a branch outside India in London in 1946:

a) State Bank of India      b) Punjab National Bank      c) Bank of Baroda     d) Canara Bank     e) Bank of India

10) Latest Public Sector Bank in India:

a) SBI              b) ICICI Bank    c) HDFC Bank     d) IDBI Bank     e) None of these

11) Latest Private Sector Bank in India:

a) Federal Bank   b) South Indian Bank   c) YES Bank    d) Kotak Mahindra Bank      e) None of these

12) The Largest foreign bank operating in India:

a) Citi Bank      b) HSBC         c) Barclays Bank       d) ABN Amro Bank   e) Standard Chartered Bank

13) Which bank is the largest issuer of credit cards in India?

a) SBI            b) ICICI Bank          c) HDFC Bank      d) IDBI Bank     e) None of these

14) Who is the current MD & CEO of ICICI Bank?

a) Shyamala Gopinath    b) Shikha Sharma     c) Chanda Kochhar   d) Renu Challu    e) Sushma Nath

15) The Chairman of Indian Banks Association(IBA) (For 2011-12):

a) M.D.Mallya    b) Pratip Chaudhuri      c) D.Subbarao      d) Subir Gokarn       e) U.K.Sinha


Answers for above questions:

1) a         2) b          3) d          4) e          5)a        6)a          7) c         8) c        9) e        10) d

11) c        12) e       13) b         14) c        15) a

Referance: aptitude9.com
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